News (1573)
Smart Africa Alliance started in 2013 with a goal to turn Africa into one big digital market by 2030. Digital technology is now a major force for development, making this mission even more important to solve many of Africa’s challenges. At the 2024 Digital Transformation Forum (ATDA) in Abidjan, Smart Africa’s CEO, Lacina Koné, talked to Ecofin Agency (EA) about the alliance’s projects and his hopes for Africa’s digital future.
WAT: What are Smart Africa’s main projects?
Lacina Koné (LK): We are currently managing 34 initiatives grouped into four key areas: connectivity, innovation, transformation, and acceleration. Each member country of the alliance selects a flagship project based on its priorities in emerging technologies. We then develop a concept note, a master plan, and a pilot project. If the pilot succeeds, it’s handed over to private partners for national or continental deployment.
One example is the One Africa Network project, with the motto “Roam like at home”. It aims to eliminate roaming charges for Africans traveling between countries, similar to what exists in Europe. Pilots began in East Africa (Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, etc.) and have expanded to West Africa with recent agreements involving Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, and Benin.
Another critical project focuses on digital identity. Digital transformation isn’t possible without reliable citizen identification, as data always belongs to someone.
WAT: What are the main challenges hindering digital growth in Africa and bridging the digital divide?
LK: The biggest challenge is the regulatory framework. It’s not just about creating rules but harmonizing them across the continent. With 1.4 billion people, Africa cannot be viewed through the lens of a single country. Policy harmonization is essential to attract investments.
Contrary to popular belief, the issue isn’t a lack of funds but the regulatory environment needed to secure them. Additionally, African states often focus on regulation without promoting innovation. Globally, the private sector drives innovation, with governments adapting to follow, except in rare cases like Estonia.
WAT: Does Smart Africa invest in skill development for young Africans?
LK: Absolutely. Transformation starts with education. We’ve observed that even decision-makers often lack understanding of digital issues. We launched the Smart Africa Digital Academy (SADA) four years ago to address this. Today, it operates independently with $20 million in funding over five years.
SADA targets several groups: policymakers, tech-savvy public officials, tech entrepreneurs, and the general public. It focuses on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education with a hands-on learning approach rather than rote memorization.
However, national education reforms must complement these efforts. Major global tech companies now prioritize talent over degrees. We need to prepare our youth for this shift.
WAT: Does Smart Africa advise governments on digital policies?
LK: Yes, that’s one of our core missions. We collaborate with partners like the GSMA and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) on topics such as taxing emerging technologies.
Each African country faces unique financial and sovereignty challenges. It’s vital to understand that the digital economy is a key driver for development, far more than agriculture, which is often seen as central.
For instance, digital technology enables banking without banks, telemedicine without hospitals, and online education without universities. This sector is crucial for speeding up socio-economic development. We work to help policymakers realize this and shift their perspectives. While revenue pressures sometimes lead governments to tax the digital sector, we advocate for them to explore its broader potential, such as formalizing the informal economy, which accounts for up to 70% of Africa's economic activity.
WAT: What role can digital technology play in the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), especially in cross-border payment interoperability?
LK: Africa has over 30 central banks. Countries with independent central banks often collaborate more easily on cross-border payments than those in monetary unions like WAEMU or CEMAC.
In 2023, we ran pilots between Ghana (cedi) and Togo (CFA) and between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These initiatives aim to lower transfer costs using mechanisms like mobile money. However, when currencies have to pass through the euro or dollar, costs rise. Interoperability requires coordinated political decisions, and innovation will be key to solving this challenge.
WAT: Can you explain the Smart Africa Trust Alliance (SATA) project?
LK: SATA aims to interconnect African countries’ digital identification systems while respecting their sovereignty. For example, someone from Benin could access services in Côte d’Ivoire, like obtaining a SIM card, without their ID’s authenticity being questioned. This project, already adopted by 15 countries, enhances transparency and trust between states, facilitating the free movement of people and services.
WAT: Does the digital sector have a bright future in Africa?
LK: Without a doubt. I would even say Africa’s future depends on digital technology. Unlike physical resources, information grows when shared. Digital technology allows an entrepreneur in Côte d’Ivoire to target 1.4 billion African consumers with similar habits, whereas sectors like agriculture remain limited to local markets. Africa’s immense potential lies in its digital transformation.
Interview by Moutiou Adjibi Nourou
The Djiboutian government is committed to using digital technology to drive the country's economic growth. To do so, they aim to secure the nation's growing digital infrastructure.
Djibouti has unveiled its National Cybersecurity Strategy for 2024-2030, a comprehensive framework aimed at bolstering its digital security and advancing its goal of becoming a reliable regional digital hub. The strategy, developed by the National Cybersecurity Authority (ANCS), was officially released on Thursday, November 28.
The document is built around five key pillars: strengthening institutions and governance frameworks, protecting critical infrastructure, intensifying efforts against cybercrime, providing cybersecurity training for citizens and experts, and fostering national and international cooperation.
The launch coincides with the inaugural edition of the Hackathon Cybersecurity – Djibouti 2024. This event seeks to harness local talent to tackle technological challenges in cybersecurity. The strategy aligns with the “Djibouti Vision 2035” national development plan, which prioritizes digital transformation and resilience against cybercrime.
According to the Global Cybersecurity Index 2024 published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in September, Djibouti has shown notable commitment to cybersecurity, though significant improvements are needed. The country is ranked in Tier 4 with a score of 31.47 out of 100, underscoring the urgency of building stronger capabilities.
With the new strategy, Djibouti aims to not only improve its ranking but also create a secure and resilient digital ecosystem essential for fostering a thriving digital economy. These efforts are expected to position the country as a key cybersecurity player in East Africa, attract greater investment, and enhance its competitiveness on the regional and global stages.
By Samira Njoya,
Editing by Sèna D. B. de Sodji
Agriculture remains the cornerstone of Africa's economy and development. Yet, the sector faces significant challenges, including inefficient resource use, low productivity, and limited access to advanced technologies. Digitization is emerging as a transformative solution to address these issues.
Rwanda officially launched the Digital Soil Information System (RwaSIS) on Friday, November 29. The state-of-the-art platform aims to revolutionize the country's agricultural sector by offering precise soil management and crop selection recommendations.
Speaking at the launch event in Kigali, Rwanda's Minister of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Mark Cyubahiro Bagabe, emphasized that RwaSIS is a transformative tool to enhance agricultural productivity and uplift farmers' livelihoods.
The initiative, spearheaded by the Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB), provides farmers with detailed, location-specific insights about their soil composition, crop suitability, erosion risks, and optimal fertilizer use.
The system stems from extensive trials conducted on key crops such as potatoes, rice, maize, wheat, beans, and cassava. Historically, Rwanda has relied on generic fertilizer recommendations, which did not account for regional soil variations, resulting in suboptimal yields and inefficient resource use. RwaSIS addresses these issues by providing region-specific data and tailored guidelines for farmers.
Farmers can easily access RwaSIS using their soil's Unique Parcel Identifier. This identification allows the platform to deliver customized information about soil health, suitable crops, erosion management, and precise fertilizer application. These features aim to help farmers maximize their yields and contribute to national food security.
The launch follows the recent introduction of the "Fostering Digital Villages through Innovative Advisory and Profitable Market Services in Africa (FDiVi)" project in Rwanda by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This signifies a strategic effort to align the country's agricultural practices with cutting-edge digital innovations.
The approach aligns with Rwanda's broader Vision 2050, emphasizing technology-driven economic transformation and sustainable development. It positions the country at the forefront of agricultural innovation in Africa. By integrating advanced technology into farming practices, RwaSIS is expected to bolster economic growth and support Rwanda’s development goals.
Hikmatu Bilali
Digital transformation has become a strategic priority for African countries seeking inclusive and sustainable development. Backed by international initiatives, innovative projects are underway to expand access to technology.
The Italian government, in partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Senegal and the Senegalese Ministry of Communication, Telecommunications, and Digital Economy (MCTN), launched a major initiative on Thursday, November 28, to bridge the digital divide and promote inclusive growth in Africa. This flagship project, part of the Mattei Plan for Italy–Africa, targets four countries: Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Mozambique.
"The UNDP is honored to support the Italian government in implementing strategic investments to advance digital development in Africa. This initiative highlights the crucial role of international collaboration in addressing Africa's financing gap and accelerating progress toward the SDGs through digital innovation," said Catherine Phuong, UNDP Deputy Resident Representative in Senegal.
The initiative comes as Africa faces a $1.6 trillion funding gap to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, according to a joint report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the African Union (AU) titled Africa’s Development Dynamics 2023. By leveraging digital technologies, the project aims to energize key sectors such as health, education, agriculture, and governance, while improving public services.
For Senegal, the initiative aligns with clear national ambitions outlined in the country’s digital strategy, currently under development. Priorities include modernizing infrastructure, expanding access to digital tools, and fostering an inclusive digital ecosystem.
Once implemented, the project is expected to accelerate Senegal's digital transformation, strengthen its economic competitiveness, and support sustainable growth. By enhancing citizens' quality of life, it could also position the country as a model for digital transformation in Africa.
By Samira Njoya,
Editing by Sèna D. B. de Sodji
With over 12 years of experience in finance, consulting, and digital transformation, he offers innovative approaches to training, e-learning, recruitment, and onboarding.
Youssef Jbel (photo) is a Moroccan finance expert and entrepreneur in the technology sector. He is the co-founder and CEO of NowEdge, a tech company specializing in learning and development.
Founded in 2020, NowEdge supports organizations in their transformation efforts by enhancing the skills of their teams. The company offers an innovative SaaS platform for training, built around two core principles: gamification and realistic simulations.
“At NowEdge, we offer two main HR solutions: training gamification and digital onboarding. Our approach is to make content more interactive and engaging through storytelling and scenario design. For example, in onboarding, we create fun, digital journeys that help new employees easily grasp the company’s values and mission. These solutions can be tailored to various industries, from pharmaceutical labs to banks,” explained the CEO of the startup, which boasts 2,500 users and seven ready-to-use training games.
Youssef Jbel graduated in 2011 from the National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA) in Toulouse, France, with a master’s degree in applied mathematics, statistics, modeling, and financial mathematics. In 2012, he earned a second master’s degree in quantitative mathematics and finance from the prestigious École des Ponts et Chaussées, also in France.
That same year, he joined Mosaic Finance, a French investment firm, as a trader. Three years later, he moved to Société Générale Corporate and Investment Banking, working in the equity derivatives pricing and solutions department. In 2017, he returned to Morocco to serve as a senior structurer at Attijariwafa Bank. From 2019 to 2022, he worked as a project manager in quantitative modeling and analytics at OCP Solutions, a firm specializing in business consulting and services.
By Melchior Koba,
Editing by Sèna D. B. de Sodji
Throughout 2024, Côte d’Ivoire implemented several projects aimed at enhancing digital inclusion for its population. However, challenges remain.
On Monday, November 25, Côte d’Ivoire's Ministry of Digital Transition and Digitalization announced that its budget had been approved by the National Assembly's Economic and Financial Affairs Commission. Valued at 60.78 billion CFA francs (approximately $96.8 million), the budget aims to enhance connectivity, ensure equitable access to technology, promote digital skills, and support youth and women in the digital sector.
The budget includes 8.1 billion CFA francs to investments, 5.7 billion CFA francs to personnel expenses, 1.9 billion CFA francs for general administration, 19.9 billion CFA francs for the digital economy and postal services, 35.5 billion CFA francs for rural technology development, and 4.6 billion CFA francs to support activities in the electronic communications sector.
To achieve its goals, the ministry has outlined a series of initiatives. These include advancing the implementation of the E-Government Strengthening Support Project (PARAE), training 265 specialists in information and communication technologies, organizing the Ivoiretech forum, and bolstering state employees’ proficiency in digital tools.
Minister of Digital Transition and Digitalization Kalil Konaté highlighted key priorities such as fostering an innovative digital ecosystem, bridging the digital divide through rural investments, and strengthening ICT regulations to ensure secure development.
Côte d’Ivoire's digital progress is evident in recent metrics. According to the International Telecommunication Union, the country achieved a 2024 ICT development index score of 65.3 out of 100. Its online administration development index improved to 0.5587 out of 1 in 2024, up from 0.5467 in 2022.
By Adoni Conrad Quenum,
Editing by Sèna D. B. de Sodji
In 2016, Guinean authorities intensified efforts to take control of the country’s top-level domain. At the time, the resource was managed by the U.S.-based registry PSGNet.
The Guinean government has completed the repatriation of its national top-level domain, .GN, marking the end of "over 20 years of effort and determination." The Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications, and Digital Economy announced on Wednesday, November 27, that the official launch is scheduled for December 4.
Discussions to repatriate management of the domain, previously overseen by U.S.-based registry PSGNet, began in 2016. A key milestone came in 2017 with a decree signed by then-President Alpha Condé, which established rules for the technical and administrative management of the national Internet domain. In January 2022, Aminata Kaba, then Minister of Posts, Telecommunications, and Digital Economy, was tasked with securing Guinea's control over its domain.
This achievement is significant for Guinea’s digital sovereignty, as the country has identified digital transformation as a cornerstone of its socio-economic development. Local management of the domain is expected to bolster national cybersecurity, especially in an era of rapid technological change. In the Global Cybersecurity Index 2024 by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Guinea is classified as a Tier 3 country, indicating a "basic commitment to cybersecurity" with a score of at least 55/100.
“The world we live in is profoundly shaped by technology, and the future of our independence largely depends on our ability to control our digital infrastructure. Guinea must, more than ever, carve its own path in technological development by safeguarding its data, fostering local innovation, and ensuring equitable access to information and digital services for all its citizens,” said Rose Pola Pricemou, Minister of Posts, Telecommunications, and Digital Economy, in the October edition of the ministry’s Digital Bulletin.
By Isaac K. Kassouwi
Editing by Sèna D. B. de Sodji
Without robust security measures, digital transformation in Africa risks failure. In Congo, where significant investments are driving ICT growth, a strong focus on digital security is placed on protecting online users and safeguarding critical systems.
Léon Juste Ibombo (photo), Congo's Minister of Posts, Telecommunications, and the Digital Economy, delivered the keynote address on Monday, November 25, at the second edition of the Brazza Cybersecurity Forum. He emphasized the critical importance of digital security in light of the exponential rise in cyber threats across all sectors and affirmed that cybersecurity lies at the heart of Congo's strategic development.
"Cybersecurity is no longer optional but an imperative in an increasingly connected world," Ibombo said.
In recent months, Congo has ramped up strategic partnerships as part of its national digital transformation strategy, "Congo Digital 2025." Although cybersecurity is a priority within this initiative, the country remains behind in this domain. According to the Global Cybersecurity Index 2024 published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Congo is ranked in Tier 4 with a score of 27.61 out of 100, highlighting significant gaps in digital protection and underscoring the urgency to accelerate efforts. It was thus placed in the “Evolving” category.
"Evolving represents countries that obtained an overall score of at least 20/100 by demonstrating a basic cybersecurity commitment to government-driven actions that encompass evaluating, establishing or implementing certain generally accepted cybersecurity measures in at least one pillar, or several indicators and/or sub-indicators," the ITU explained in its report.
Congo lags in four of the five pillars comprising the index. While it scored 14.12 out of 20 in legal measures, it earned a dismal 0 out of 20 in technical measures, 0.72 in capacity building, 3.9 in organizational measures, and 8.87 in cooperation with regional, continental, and global partners.
To achieve its goal of becoming a technology hub, Congolese authorities must prioritize several actions. These include establishing technical infrastructures such as Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT/CSIRT) and cybersecurity threat protection measures, investing in education, awareness, and research to build cybersecurity skills, and forging international and regional partnerships to combat cyber threats. Active participation in agreements and collaborative initiatives will also be essential.
Adoni Conrad Quenum
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming industries worldwide. While Africa stands to benefit significantly from its advancements, the limited integration of African languages into AI systems poses a major obstacle to its full potential.
Orange announced, yesterday, a partnership with OpenAI and Meta to advance this initiative. The project, set to launch in the first half of 2025, aims to develop AI systems capable of recognizing and interacting with African languages.
West African languages such as Wolof and Pulaar will be the first to be included in the project. These languages will be integrated into OpenAI's Whisper and Meta's Llama technologies, which specialize in language recognition and translation.
Current AI models are predominantly trained using English-language data, which limits their capacity to support African languages. The underrepresentation stems from the scarcity of data available in these languages. To address this gap, Orange will contribute data from its local applications, particularly those used in customer service, to enhance AI processing of African languages.
One of the key objectives is to allow Orange users to interact with customer service in their native languages, making the user experience more seamless and accessible. The advancements achieved through this collaboration will extend beyond Orange’s services. The AI models developed will also be made available for non-commercial use, supporting public health and education initiatives.
By Servan Ahougnon
Editing by Sèna D. B. de Sodji
To bolster its digital transformation efforts, Ethiopia is forging strategic partnerships, including closer ties with an Asian country on cybersecurity matters.
Tigist Hamid (photo, right), Director General of the Information Network Security Administration (INSA), recently met with Chen Hai (photo, left), China's Ambassador to Ethiopia. According to the Ethiopian News Agency, which revealed the meeting on Monday, November 25, the discussions focused on cybersecurity.
The news agency reveals that Tigist Hamid presented the Chinese official with "cybersecurity products and services provided by the administration as well as ongoing efforts to enhance the country's cybersecurity infrastructure." She also highlighted the need for sustained support and collaboration between the Ethiopian and Chinese governments in the field of cybersecurity.
Ethiopia is currently ranked as a Tier 3 country on the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Global Cybersecurity Index, with a score of 76.34 out of 100. This ranking reflects a basic level of commitment to cybersecurity, as measured by public initiatives to evaluate, establish, or implement generally accepted measures across a moderate range of indicators.
China, by comparison, scored 91.64 out of 100 in the 2024 index, placing it in the Tier 2 category. While not among the leading nations in cybersecurity, China’s advanced expertise and its influential tech companies—such as Huawei, ZTE, Tencent, and Xiaomi—could prove valuable for Ethiopia as it seeks to strengthen its digital defenses.
Adoni Conrad Quenum
More...
Language diversity in Africa often limits digital inclusion. Offering technologies in local languages simplifies access, encouraging adoption and broader use, which bridges the digital divide.
French multinational telecom Orange has announced a partnership with OpenAI and Meta to develop AI Large Language Models (LLMs) tailored to understanding regional African languages. Announced on November 26, the initiative will utilize OpenAI's Whisper and Meta's Llama platforms to address the underrepresentation of African languages in AI systems.
“Orange’s long-term goal is to work with many AI technology providers to enable future models to recognize all African languages spoken and written across Orange’s 18-country footprint in the region,” the release stated.
The project, set to launch in 2025, will initially focus on enhancing customer interactions in Wolof and Pulaar, spoken by millions in West Africa, and extend Orange’s digital inclusion efforts. These models will also be available for non-commercial use in public health and education.
Most existing AI models primarily cater to widely spoken languages, leaving millions of African language speakers without representation in digital systems. Orange's collaboration with OpenAI and Meta to develop AI models for African languages tackles a significant barrier to digital inclusion.
By enabling technology to communicate in local languages, the partnership promotes inclusive innovation and aligns with global efforts to ensure digital access for underserved populations.
Hikmatu Bilali
Guinean and Sierra Leonean authorities have held several meetings since July as part of negotiations to advance a digital interconnection project. These discussions have laid the groundwork for collaboration between the two countries.
Rose Pola Pricemou, Guinea’s Minister of Posts, Telecommunications, and Digital Economy, and Salima Monorma Bah, Sierra Leone’s Minister of Communication, Technology, and Innovation, signed a framework agreement on Friday, November 22, in Freetown to enhance digital interconnection between their two nations.
The agreement focuses on linking the internet backbones of the two countries, aiming to improve connectivity and facilitate digital exchanges. It builds on discussions launched during the China-Africa Digital Summit in July. In August, a Sierra Leonean delegation led by Minister Monorma Bah visited Guinea to refine the technical framework of the partnership.
According to Minister Pricemou, the initiative is expected to harmonize postal policies to improve essential services for the population—particularly in rural areas—while making networks more robust and reliable. This should reduce costs, enhance the quality of digital services, and foster a dynamic digital ecosystem. It also seeks to encourage collaborative initiatives in fields like big data and cybersecurity.
As of early 2024, Guinea had 4.87 million internet users, representing an internet penetration rate of 33.9%, according to DataReportal. Sierra Leone, in comparison, recorded 2.7 million users and a penetration rate of 30.4%.
Cost remains a barrier in both countries. In Guinea, a monthly high-speed data package (at least 5 GB at 256 Kbps or higher) required 8.1% of the average gross national income per capita in 2023, according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). In Sierra Leone, the same metric stood at 38.2% in 2017, underscoring the challenge of affordable access in the region.
Adoni Conrad Quenum
Africa is the continent with the most expensive mobile internet in the world, according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). On average, African populations spend 4.9% of their monthly gross national income (GNI) per capita to access a standard monthly internet plan, compared to the global average of just 1.3%.
In 2023, mobile internet costs in West Africa were most affordable in Nigeria, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire, according to data from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the UN’s specialized agency for information and communication technologies.
In Nigeria, accessing the cheapest mobile broadband plan offering at least 2GB of data per month using 3G technology required 1.61% of the monthly gross national income (GNI) per capita. In Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire, the cost was 1.94% and 2%, respectively, of the monthly GNI per capita. The ITU considers internet affordable when its cost is equal to or less than 2% of monthly GNI per capita. In West Africa, only Nigeria, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire met this benchmark in 2023. Across Africa, the average stood at 4.9% of monthly GNI per capita. Senegal (2.47%) and Mauritania (3.01%) were below this average but still above the affordability threshold.
In contrast, Guinea-Bissau, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia had the highest mobile internet costs in the region. Residents of these countries had to spend 9.79%, 9.81%, and 11% of their monthly GNI per capita, respectively, to access the same type of mobile broadband plan.
Factors Behind High Costs
Various factors contribute to the high cost of internet in these countries. According to the State of Broadband 2024: Leveraging AI for Universal Connectivity report published in June 2024 by the Broadband Commission, lack of affordability remains a significant barrier to internet access, especially in low-income economies. The report adds that compared to prices in high-income economies, the cost of mobile broadband services is 5.5 times less affordable in lower-middle-income countries and over 20 times less affordable in low-income countries.
The State of Mobile Internet Connectivity 2024 report from the Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA) notes that Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest coverage gap globally, at 13%. This is largely due to the lack of telecommunications infrastructure, which forces some markets to impose high tariffs to make the most of limited resources. "Fixed broadband networks are very expensive to deploy, maintain, and upgrade, especially considering geography and the vast areas that need coverage," the ITU highlighted.
Adoni Conrad Quenum
Digital transformation is a key priority for the Beninese government. For instance, the administration plans to allocate a budget of 16.4 billion CFA francs to digital projects in 2025.
Benin's government plans to connect an additional 18 municipalities to fiber-optic networks by mid-2025, as part of its broader goal to expand high-speed internet access to all 77 municipalities nationwide. The announcement was made by Digital Economy and Digitalization Minister Aurélie Adam Soulé Zoumarou during a November 21 television program.
The deployment of fiber optics in these new municipalities will strengthen the national backbone, which currently links 50 municipalities via approximately 2,550 kilometers of fiber. The government aims to extend this network to a total of 3,300 kilometers. Additionally, nine municipalities will be connected through alternative technologies.
These efforts are part of a larger project to deploy high-speed and ultra-high-speed internet across Benin. This initiative, with an estimated cost of 207 billion CFA francs ($330.63 million), is a cornerstone of the government's 2021-2026 Action Plan. The government aims to position Benin as "West Africa's digital service platform, accelerating growth and fostering social inclusion."
Improving Coverage and Adoption
The project has the potential to significantly enhance telecommunications coverage, particularly internet access, nationwide. The government claims 4G network coverage already reaches approximately 90% of the population, a figure supported by the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ICT DataHub. ITU also reports that 2G and 3G networks cover 98% and 90% of the population, respectively, while 5G services are in the early stages of commercialization.
In June 2024, the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications and Postal Services (ARCEP) reported 11.06 million mobile internet subscribers and 20,000 fixed internet users. With a population estimated at around 13.7 million (World Bank, 2023), mobile telephony subscriptions stand at 17.8 million, while fixed-line telephony subscriptions are limited to 1,363. However, ITU data indicates internet and mobile penetration rates of 33.8% and 53.9%, respectively, as of the end of 2023.
Isaac K. Kassouwi