The ride-hailing market in Tunisia has seen significant growth. However, the recent suspension of several platforms, most notably Bolt, has brought to light the difficulties faced by drivers and the local economy. This situation has created uncertainty about the future of the sector.
Tunisia's Interior Ministry announced on Monday, March 24, the suspension of ride-hailing taxi apps in the country, citing an investigation into money laundering and tax fraud. According to Tunisian authorities, the companies involved were operating without legal licenses and transferring funds abroad through bank accounts that did not comply with local regulations. While the official statement did not explicitly name any specific company, a source familiar with the matter confirmed to AFP that Estonian-based Bolt was the primary target of the decision.
Bolt Drivers Face Uncertainty
Bolt, which began operations in Tunisia in 2019, quickly gained a significant share of the market, particularly in major cities such as Tunis and Sfax. The app enabled thousands of drivers to become self-employed and establish this activity as their primary source of income. Industry estimates suggest that over 5,000 drivers were registered on the platform in Tunisia. The suspension of the app has plunged these workers into a state of uncertainty, raising the risk of further increasing the country's unemployment rate. According to the National Institute of Statistics, Tunisia's unemployment rate stood at 16% in the third quarter of 2024.
Furthermore, most Bolt drivers do not possess traditional taxi licenses and cannot easily transition into the formal transport sector. The economic impact is also being felt by those who invested in vehicles for this activity, often with outstanding loans. In addition, the app's suspension has created a gap in the urban transport sector, where alternatives such as traditional taxis are often criticized for their unreliability and lack of regulation.
Impact on Users and the Local Ecosystem
The arrival of ride-hailing services helped address the shortcomings of often-inadequate public transport in Tunisia. Many Tunisians embraced on-demand taxis for their daily commutes, drawn by their reliability and competitive pricing. This sector responded to a growing need for quality transport, especially in urban areas where public infrastructure remains limited.
The halt in ride-hailing operations has consequences that extend beyond users. This decision affects the entire economic ecosystem tied to the sector. Gas stations may experience a drop in fuel consumption, while car dealerships and rental agencies risk losing valuable clientele. Additionally, small entrepreneurs specializing in ancillary services such as car washing and maintenance will see their businesses significantly shrink.
Legal Vacuum and Government Ambitions
The suspension of Bolt and other operators highlights the lack of clear regulation surrounding ride-hailing apps in Tunisia. Unlike other countries where legal frameworks have been established to oversee such platforms, Tunisia has struggled to define clear rules. Some observers believe the government could use this situation to launch a domestic alternative. In January, the government announced plans to create a national ride-hailing app, a project expected to be operational by the end of the first half of 2025, according to authorities.
Bolt's Response
In a statement, Bolt emphasized its positive economic impact on Tunisia, including over €10 million invested over three years, a significant contribution to improving urban mobility, and a crucial role in local employment. The company also cited a survey indicating that 85% of Tunisians consider on-demand transport an essential complement to public transportation, with more than half of the population using it on a weekly basis.
By Samira Njoya,
Editing by Sèna D. B. de Sodji
